Abstract: Technology is often designed and deployed without critical reflection of the values that it embodies. Value trade-offs—between security and privacy, free speech and dignity, autonomy and human agency, and […]
Read MoreArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems have made astonishing progress in the last year. In particular, Large Language Models (LLMs) — AI systems trained on massive amounts of text — have reached […]
Read MoreAccess to even basic medical resources is greatly influenced by factors like an individual’s birth country and zip code. In this talk, I will present my work on designing AI-based mobile systems for equitable healthcare. I will showcase three systems that are not only interesting from an AI standpoint but are also having real-world medical impact. The first system can detect ear infections using only a smartphone and a paper cone. The second system enables low-cost newborn hearing screening using inexpensive earphones. Lastly, I will present an ambient sensing system that employs smart devices to detect emergent and life-threatening medical events such as cardiac arrest. Through these examples, I will demonstrate how new applied machine learning and sensing approaches that generalize across hardware and work in real-world environments can help to address pressing societal problems.
Read MoreDifferential Privacy has become the go-to approach for protecting sensitive information in data releases and learning tasks that are used for critical decision processes. For example, census data is used to allocate funds and distribute benefits, while several corporations use machine learning systems for criminal assessments, hiring decisions, and more. While this privacy notion provides strong guarantees, we will show that it may also induce biases and fairness issues in downstream decision processes. These issues may adversely affect many individuals’ health, well-being, and sense of belonging, and are currently poorly understood.
In this talk, we delve into the intersection of privacy, fairness, and decision processes, with a focus on understanding and addressing these fairness issues. We first provide an overview of Differential Privacy and its applications in data release and learning tasks. Next, we examine the societal impacts of privacy through a fairness lens and present a framework to illustrate what aspects of the private algorithms and/or data may be responsible for exacerbating unfairness. We hence show how to extend this framework to assess the disparate impacts arising in Machine Learning tasks. Finally, we propose a path to partially mitigate these fairness issues and discuss grand challenges that require further exploration.
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